Benjamin tenOever Research & scholarshipSources & references ↗

Scholarly profile · Virology

Benjamin tenOever

Virologist

Benjamin tenOever is a virologist at NYU Grossman School of Medicine, where he is the Jan T. Vilcek Professor of Molecular Pathogenesis and chair of the Department of Microbiology. His research examines how viruses replicate, how cells defend themselves against infection, and how those interactions can be used to engineer viruses and RNA delivery systems.[1]

His work connects innate antiviral immunity with RNA biology and viral engineering. Studies by tenOever and colleagues have investigated interferon signaling, used microRNAs to restrict influenza virus in selected hosts or cell types, and developed experimental vehicles for delivering coding and noncoding RNA.[2][3][4][5] During the COVID-19 pandemic, his laboratory reported an imbalance between antiviral interferon responses and inflammatory signaling during SARS-CoV-2 infection.[6]

His recognitions include a Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers (PECASE), the Fulbright-Tocqueville Distinguished Chair, and election as a fellow of the American Academy of Microbiology. His more recent research explores programmable, cell-specific delivery of therapeutic cargo, a direction he described in a 2026 interview with The Scientist.[7][8][9][10]

Research and records reviewed • Published on the subject’s own website

01 / Formation

Early life and education

tenOever grew up in rural Ontario, Canada. At McGill University, an undergraduate microbiology course helped turn his interest toward viruses. He remained at McGill for doctoral research in John Hiscott’s laboratory, studying the cellular response to viral infection.[15][16]

He received his PhD in Experimental Medicine in 2004 and completed postdoctoral training in molecular biology at Harvard University in 2007. The Vilcek Foundation’s biographical account identifies Tom Maniatis as his Harvard mentor. These stages of training placed the regulation of antiviral gene expression at the center of his early research.[17][18][2][12]

02 / Appointments

Scientific career and leadership

tenOever joined Mount Sinai in 2007 as a faculty member in microbiology. By 2017, he held the Irene and Dr. Arthur M. Fishberg Professorship of Medicine and directed the Virus Engineering Center for Therapeutics and Research (VECToR). Mount Sinai’s announcement of an affiliation with the Institut Pasteur named him and Marco Vignuzzi as co-leaders of the viral-engineering initiative AVENUe.[17][19]

He held the Fulbright-Tocqueville Distinguished Chair at the École Normale Supérieure in France during the 2014–2015 academic year. The Fulbright record specifies a research stay from January through July 2015 and lists his discipline and specialization as virology.[8]

He subsequently moved to NYU Grossman School of Medicine. NYU lists him as chair of the Department of Microbiology, Jan T. Vilcek Professor of Molecular Pathogenesis, professor in the Department of Medicine, and director of the NYU Langone Virology Institute. These roles join his laboratory research with departmental and institute leadership.[1]

03 / Research

From antiviral defense to viral engineering

A recurring question across tenOever’s work is how the molecular relationship between a virus and its host determines the outcome of infection. His publications examine that relationship by identifying host defenses, altering viral susceptibility to them, and repurposing the resulting control mechanisms for delivery.[2][3][5]

  1. Recognize infectionInterferon and cellular defense
  2. Control viral behaviorRNA regulation and host specificity
  3. Repurpose the machineryExperimental RNA delivery
A thematic guide to the research, rather than a sequence in which one area replaced another. The connections are developed below.

Virus–host interactions and antiviral immunity

Interferons are signaling proteins that help cells establish an antiviral state. A central problem in innate immunity is how recognition of infection activates the genes that produce this response. In Hiscott’s laboratory, Sonia Sharma, tenOever and colleagues reported in Science in 2003 that the kinases IKKε and TBK1 activate interferon regulatory factors IRF3 and IRF7. The work linked virus-triggered signaling to the transcriptional machinery governing antiviral defense.[2]

In a 2007 Science paper, tenOever and colleagues examined what happens after interferon is produced. Mice lacking IKKε made interferon-β but were unusually susceptible to viral infection; a subset of interferon-stimulated genes failed to activate normally. The study connected IKKε to STAT1 phosphorylation and the execution of the antiviral transcriptional response. Together, these papers distinguish the induction of an alarm signal from a cell’s ability to act on it.[12]

Influenza replication and innate immune activation

Influenza A virus has served as both a subject of fundamental virology and a tool for testing host defenses. In 2010, Jasmine Perez, tenOever and colleagues described small viral RNAs associated with influenza’s polymerase machinery. Their experiments connected these RNAs to genome replication, and they proposed that the RNAs help regulate the transition from transcription of viral messages to copying the genome.[20]

The group also used engineered influenza to ask which infected cells generate an immune response. In a 2012 study led by Ryan Langlois, microRNA targeting selectively limited viral transcription in cells of hematopoietic origin, including antigen-presenting cells. In the mouse model, this reduced type I interferon induction without preventing viral clearance or the generation of influenza-specific CD8 T cells. The experiments separated requirements for innate signaling from those for an adaptive cellular response.[4]

A later collaborative study, led by Benjamin Nilsson-Payant and published in 2021, examined influenza A and Sendai virus when nucleoprotein availability was reduced. Viral genome replication declined, while abnormal replication products promoted host recognition and antiviral signaling. This work connected the integrity of viral replication machinery to immune evasion: efficient genome copying and avoidance of immune detection depended on the organization of the viral ribonucleoprotein complex.[13]

RNA biology and microRNA-mediated restriction

MicroRNAs are short, noncoding RNAs that guide the regulation of other RNAs. In 2009, Perez and colleagues in tenOever’s laboratory used this cellular machinery to control influenza A virus. Viruses carrying microRNA response elements were attenuated in mice while retaining growth in eggs. The study showed how differences in host RNA regulation could be used to restrict a virus in one biological setting while preserving its propagation in another.[3]

The laboratory also explored the opposite direction of control: using an RNA virus to produce a regulatory RNA. Andrew Varble, tenOever and colleagues reported in 2010 that engineered influenza could express a functional microRNA without disrupting viral replication. Subsequent work by Langlois and colleagues demonstrated delivery of functional microRNAs from a cytoplasmic RNA-virus platform in vivo. These studies extended viral engineering from controlling the virus itself to changing gene expression in recipient cells.[21][22]

Engineering such a system does not establish that it is a natural mammalian antiviral defense. Backes and colleagues reported in 2014 that small-RNA silencing did not make a physiological contribution to the interferon-mediated antiviral response in their experimental systems. Benitez and colleagues then showed in 2015 that an engineered RNA-interference-like response could protect mice from influenza independently of the type I interferon system. A 2019 review by Maillard and colleagues treats the physiological role of antiviral RNA interference in mammals as a continuing, context-dependent debate.[23][24][25]

The laboratory’s RNA research also encompasses defenses outside conventional RNA interference. Aguado, tenOever and colleagues reported in Nature in 2017 that Drosha and related RNase III enzymes can act against viral RNA. Their biochemical work described Drosha binding RNA structures and obstructing viral polymerase activity, identifying an antiviral function distinct from its familiar role in microRNA production.[26]

Viral engineering, attenuation and host specificity

The microRNA studies made host specificity an engineering variable. Rather than relying only on a virus’s natural range of susceptible cells, the investigators used host regulatory RNAs to constrain viral activity. The 2009 influenza study explored this as an experimental live-attenuated vaccine strategy; the 2012 cell-targeting study used the same general principle to dissect immune responses.[3][4]

In 2013, Langlois, Randy Albrecht, tenOever and collaborators described a microRNA-based approach to molecular biocontainment for influenza research. The study exploited differences in host microRNA expression to restrict viral activity in selected experimental settings. CIDRAP covered the proposal as an additional biological safeguard. The finding supports an experimental risk-mitigation strategy, rather than a claim that biological containment is infallible or that the approach became standard policy.[27][28]

SARS-CoV-2 and the balance of antiviral defense and inflammation

During the first months of the COVID-19 pandemic, the laboratory applied comparative virology to a new pathogen. Daniel Blanco-Melo, Nilsson-Payant, tenOever and colleagues compared SARS-CoV-2 with other respiratory viruses using cell systems, animal models and patient material. Their 2020 Cell study reported low type I and type III interferon responses alongside increased chemokines and inflammatory cytokines, including IL-6. This distinguished weak induction of antiviral defenses from vigorous inflammatory signaling.[6]

The observation received attention beyond the original paper. Sharon Begley’s reporting in STAT examined the study’s distinction between antiviral defenses and inflammatory signals.[29] In a 2021 Nature Reviews Immunology timeline, Thiago Carvalho, Florian Krammer and Akiko Iwasaki included the study in their account of early immunological insights into COVID-19. James Somers’s reporting in The New Yorker followed tenOever’s laboratory as it investigated the virus and the host response. These accounts place the work within the broader effort to understand why inflammation and antiviral protection can become uncoupled.[30][15]

Collaborative work subsequently addressed effects beyond acute respiratory infection. Zazhytska and colleagues, including tenOever and Stavros Lomvardas, described changes in olfactory-neuron nuclear organization and receptor-gene expression as a potential mechanism for COVID-19-associated loss of smell. A separate study by Justin Frere and colleagues compared post-infection effects of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza in hamsters, finding sustained inflammatory changes and corroborating aspects of the response in human tissue. These are mechanistic and model-based studies, rather than complete explanations of anosmia or long COVID in every patient.[31][32]

Programmable viruses and therapeutic delivery

Viral engineering provides a bridge between studying infection and constructing delivery systems. In a 2014 Journal of Virology paper, Sonja Schmid, Lum C. Zony and tenOever described a self-replicating, noninfectious RNA vector modeled on influenza virus. The platform could deliver coding and noncoding RNAs for gene expression or silencing in vivo. Its significance within this research program is the separation of useful RNA expression from a fully infectious viral life cycle.[5]

The earlier demonstration of virus-derived microRNA delivery supplied another component: RNA cargo that changes the expression of host genes. Together, these experimental systems connected knowledge of viral replication and RNA processing to the design of biological delivery vehicles.[22][5]

04 / Current directions

Cell-specific delivery and genome editing

In a September 2026 interview with Rebecca Roberts for The Scientist, tenOever described combining microRNA-dependent switches with virus-like particles to direct cargo activity toward particular cell types. He discussed delivery of prime editors and Cas9, preclinical intranasal approaches for inherited pulmonary disease, and proposed editing of organs during ex vivo perfusion for xenotransplantation. These are reported research directions and therapeutic aims; the interview does not establish clinical efficacy.[10]

This work extends a connection already evident in the published studies: host RNA regulation can be used both to constrain viral behavior and to control what a delivery system does within a cell.[3][5]

05 / Synthesis

Scientific contributions

The following contributions are collaborative results documented in the research literature.

  • Connecting infection sensing to antiviral gene expression. tenOever and colleagues investigated IKK-related kinases in interferon induction and in the transcriptional response to interferon.[2][12]
  • Using host microRNAs to control viruses. His laboratory developed experimental influenza systems in which cellular microRNAs restricted viral activity by host species or cell type.[3][4]
  • Distinguishing natural and engineered RNA defenses. His group tested the contribution of small-RNA silencing to mammalian antiviral immunity and constructed an RNAi-like defense in experimental models.[23][24]
  • Linking viral replication quality to immune detection. Research involving his laboratory showed how insufficient nucleoprotein permits abnormal viral replication products to trigger host defenses.[13]
  • Characterizing an imbalanced response to SARS-CoV-2. tenOever’s laboratory and collaborators reported limited interferon induction alongside inflammatory signaling in early COVID-19 research.[6]
  • Developing experimental RNA delivery platforms. tenOever and colleagues engineered viral systems to express microRNAs and deliver coding or noncoding RNA, linking fundamental virology to biotechnology.[21][22][5]

06 / Recognition

Awards and honors

Recognition includes research awards, a Fulbright appointment, finalist selections and an elected fellowship. The status of each is stated separately.

Documented recognition, 2008–2022
YearRecognition and organizationStatus
2008Pew Biomedical ScholarThe Pew Charitable TrustsScholar[33]
2008Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers (PECASE)United States government

2008 cohort; announced 9 July 2009. Nominated by the Department of Defense.

Recipient[7][34]
2009Milstein Young Investigator AwardInternational Society for Interferon and Cytokine Research

Recipient list maintained by the International Cytokine and Interferon Society.

Recipient[35]
2010ICAAC Young Investigator AwardAmerican Society for MicrobiologyRecipient[17]
2010Cozzarelli Prize, Class IV: Biomedical SciencesProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

Awarded to the Perez et al. paper, coauthored by tenOever; announced in February 2011.

Paper award[36][20]
2011Investigators in the Pathogenesis of Infectious DiseaseBurroughs Wellcome Fund

Project: Small RNA-mediated control of microbes.

Awardee[37]
2012Outstanding New Investigator AwardAmerican Society of Gene and Cell TherapyRecipient[38]
2012Vilcek Prize for Creative Promise in Biomedical ScienceVilcek FoundationFinalist[39]
2013Ann Palmenberg Junior Investigator AwardAmerican Society for VirologyRecipient[40]
2014–2015Fulbright-Tocqueville Distinguished ChairFulbright Scholar Program

École Normale Supérieure, France; research stay January–July 2015.

Distinguished Chair[8]
2019Blavatnik National Awards for Young Scientists, Life SciencesBlavatnik Awards for Young ScientistsFinalist[41]
2022Fellow of the American Academy of MicrobiologyAmerican Academy of MicrobiologyElected fellow[9]

07 / Literature

Selected publications

Selected papers document the development of the research themes above. The references include additional primary studies and reviews.

  1. 2003
    Interferon induction

    Sharma S et al. Triggering the interferon antiviral response through an IKK-related pathway.

    Science (New York, N.Y.). PubMed [2]

  2. 2007
    Antiviral gene expression

    Tenoever BR et al. Multiple functions of the IKK-related kinase IKKepsilon in interferon-mediated antiviral immunity.

    Science (New York, N.Y.). PubMed [12]

  3. 2009
    Host-specific attenuation

    Perez JT et al. MicroRNA-mediated species-specific attenuation of influenza A virus.

    Nature biotechnology. PubMed [3]

  4. 2010
    Engineered microRNA expression

    Varble A et al. Engineered RNA viral synthesis of microRNAs.

    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. PubMed [21]

  5. 2010
    Influenza RNA regulation

    Perez JT et al. Influenza A virus-generated small RNAs regulate the switch from transcription to replication.

    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. PubMed [20]

  6. 2012
    Cell-specific immune responses

    Langlois RA et al. Hematopoietic-specific targeting of influenza A virus reveals replication requirements for induction of antiviral immune responses.

    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. PubMed [4]

  7. 2013
    Experimental biocontainment

    Langlois RA et al. MicroRNA-based strategy to mitigate the risk of gain-of-function influenza studies.

    Nature biotechnology. PubMed [27]

  8. 2014
    RNA vector delivery

    Schmid S et al. A versatile RNA vector for delivery of coding and noncoding RNAs.

    Journal of virology. PubMed [5]

  9. 2014
  10. 2017
    RNA-targeting antiviral enzymes

    Aguado LC et al. RNase III nucleases from diverse kingdoms serve as antiviral effectors.

    Nature. PubMed [26]

  11. 2020
    SARS-CoV-2 host response

    Blanco-Melo D et al. Imbalanced Host Response to SARS-CoV-2 Drives Development of COVID-19.

    Cell. PubMed [6]

  12. 2021
    Replication and immune recognition

    Nilsson-Payant BE et al. Reduced Nucleoprotein Availability Impairs Negative-Sense RNA Virus Replication and Promotes Host Recognition.

    Journal of virology. PubMed [13]

08 / Public record

Independent reporting and public communication

Science Careers profiled tenOever’s scientific training and early research in 2010. Kerry Grens’s 2014 profile in The Scientist described his interest in interferons and a laboratory tournament, shared on Twitter as “Game of Clones,” that compared engineered influenza viruses as a way to investigate host-response genes.[11][16]

Somers’s 2020 New Yorker article placed the laboratory’s pandemic research within a wider account of immunity. The 2026 Scientist interview revisited the research program and its turn toward programmable delivery. The former is reported journalism; the latter combines independent editorial framing with tenOever’s own account of ongoing work.[15][10]

10 / Evidence

References

Research papers document experimental findings; institutional and award records document appointments and honors. Reporting provides additional context. Interview-based research plans are attributed in the text.

  1. Institutional profile Benjamin tenOever, PhD. NYU Grossman School of Medicine. . Accessed 2026-09-26. ↩1 ↩2 ↩3 ↩4 ↩5 ↩6
  2. Peer-reviewed research Sharma S, tenOever BR, Grandvaux N, Zhou GP, Lin R, Hiscott J. Triggering the interferon antiviral response through an IKK-related pathway. Science (New York, N.Y.). 2003. 300(5622):1148-1151. DOI: 10.1126/science.1081315 · PubMed Accessed 2026-09-26. ↩1 ↩2 ↩3 ↩4 ↩5 ↩6
  3. Peer-reviewed research Perez JT, Pham AM, Lorini MH, Chua MA, Steel J, tenOever BR. MicroRNA-mediated species-specific attenuation of influenza A virus. Nature biotechnology. 2009. 27(6):572-576. DOI: 10.1038/nbt.1542 · PubMed Accessed 2026-09-26. ↩1 ↩2 ↩3 ↩4 ↩5 ↩6 ↩7 ↩8
  4. Peer-reviewed research Langlois RA, Varble A, Chua MA, García-Sastre A, tenOever BR. Hematopoietic-specific targeting of influenza A virus reveals replication requirements for induction of antiviral immune responses. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2012. 109(30):12117-12122. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1206039109 · PubMed · Open full text Accessed 2026-09-26. ↩1 ↩2 ↩3 ↩4 ↩5
  5. Peer-reviewed research Schmid S, Zony LC, tenOever BR. A versatile RNA vector for delivery of coding and noncoding RNAs. Journal of virology. 2014. 88(4):2333-2336. DOI: 10.1128/jvi.03267-13 · PubMed · Open full text Accessed 2026-09-26. ↩1 ↩2 ↩3 ↩4 ↩5 ↩6 ↩7 ↩8
  6. Peer-reviewed research Blanco-Melo D, Nilsson-Payant BE, Liu WC, Uhl S, Hoagland D, Møller R, Jordan TX, Oishi K, Panis M, Sachs D, Wang TT, Schwartz RE, Lim JK, Albrecht RA, tenOever BR. Imbalanced Host Response to SARS-CoV-2 Drives Development of COVID-19. Cell. 2020. 181(5):1036-1045.e9. DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.04.026 · PubMed · Open full text Accessed 2026-09-26. ↩1 ↩2 ↩3 ↩4
  7. Authoritative record President Honors Outstanding Early-Career Scientists. The White House. 2009-07-09. Accessed 2026-09-26. ↩1 ↩2
  8. Authoritative record Benjamin Tenoever. Fulbright Scholar Program. . Accessed 2026-09-26. ↩1 ↩2 ↩3
  9. Authoritative record 65 Fellows Elected into the American Academy of Microbiology. American Society for Microbiology. 2022-02-15. Accessed 2026-09-26. ↩1 ↩2
  10. Interview and reporting Rebecca Roberts Then and Now: Benjamin tenOever Programs Viruses to Deliver Therapeutics. The Scientist. 2026-09. Accessed 2026-09-26. ↩1 ↩2 ↩3
  11. Independent journalism Sarah A. Webb A Scientist’s Infectious Enthusiasm. Science Careers / AAAS. 2010-01-28. Accessed 2026-09-26. ↩1 ↩2
  12. Peer-reviewed research Tenoever BR, Ng SL, Chua MA, McWhirter SM, García-Sastre A, Maniatis T. Multiple functions of the IKK-related kinase IKKepsilon in interferon-mediated antiviral immunity. Science (New York, N.Y.). 2007. 315(5816):1274-1278. DOI: 10.1126/science.1136567 · PubMed Accessed 2026-09-26. ↩1 ↩2 ↩3 ↩4 ↩5
  13. Peer-reviewed research Nilsson-Payant BE, Blanco-Melo D, Uhl S, Escudero-Pérez B, Olschewski S, Thibault P, Panis M, Rosenthal M, Muñoz-Fontela C, Lee B, tenOever BR. Reduced Nucleoprotein Availability Impairs Negative-Sense RNA Virus Replication and Promotes Host Recognition. Journal of virology. 2021. 95(9):e02274-20. DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02274-20 · PubMed · Open full text Accessed 2026-09-26. ↩1 ↩2 ↩3 ↩4
  14. Publisher author record Reduced Nucleoprotein Availability Impairs Negative-Sense RNA Virus Replication and Promotes Host Recognition — author identities. American Society for Microbiology. 2021. Accessed 2026-09-26. ↩
  15. Independent journalism James Somers How the Coronavirus Hacks the Immune System. The New Yorker. 2020-11-02. Accessed 2026-09-26. ↩1 ↩2 ↩3
  16. Independent journalism Kerry Grens Benjamin tenOever: Going Viral. The Scientist. 2014-01. Accessed 2026-09-26. ↩1 ↩2
  17. Institutional announcement Mount Sinai Microbiologist Receives 2010 ICAAC Young Investigator Award for His Work Focusing on Virus Infection. Mount Sinai. 2010-09-15. Accessed 2026-09-26. ↩1 ↩2 ↩3
  18. Award organization profile Benjamin tenOever. Vilcek Foundation. . Accessed 2026-09-26. ↩
  19. Institutional announcement Mount Sinai and Institut Pasteur Announce Affiliation. Mount Sinai. 2017-11-29. Accessed 2026-09-26. ↩
  20. Peer-reviewed research Perez JT, Varble A, Sachidanandam R, Zlatev I, Manoharan M, García-Sastre A, tenOever BR. Influenza A virus-generated small RNAs regulate the switch from transcription to replication. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2010. 107(25):11525-11530. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1001984107 · PubMed · Open full text Accessed 2026-09-26. ↩1 ↩2 ↩3
  21. Peer-reviewed research Varble A, Chua MA, Perez JT, Manicassamy B, García-Sastre A, tenOever BR. Engineered RNA viral synthesis of microRNAs. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2010. 107(25):11519-11524. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1003115107 · PubMed · Open full text Accessed 2026-09-26. ↩1 ↩2 ↩3
  22. Peer-reviewed research Langlois RA, Shapiro JS, Pham AM, tenOever BR. In vivo delivery of cytoplasmic RNA virus-derived miRNAs. Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy. 2012. 20(2):367-375. DOI: 10.1038/mt.2011.244 · PubMed · Open full text Accessed 2026-09-26. ↩1 ↩2 ↩3
  23. Peer-reviewed research Backes S, Langlois RA, Schmid S, Varble A, Shim JV, Sachs D, tenOever BR. The Mammalian response to virus infection is independent of small RNA silencing. Cell reports. 2014. 8(1):114-125. DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2014.05.038 · PubMed · Open full text Accessed 2026-09-26. ↩1 ↩2 ↩3
  24. Peer-reviewed research Benitez AA, Spanko LA, Bouhaddou M, Sachs D, tenOever BR. Engineered Mammalian RNAi Can Elicit Antiviral Protection that Negates the Requirement for the Interferon Response. Cell reports. 2015. 13(7):1456-1466. DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.10.020 · PubMed · Open full text Accessed 2026-09-26. ↩1 ↩2
  25. Peer-reviewed review Maillard PV, van der Veen AG, Poirier EZ, Reis e Sousa C. Slicing and dicing viruses: antiviral RNA interference in mammals. The EMBO journal. 2019. 38(8):e100941. DOI: 10.15252/embj.2018100941 · PubMed · Open full text Accessed 2026-09-26. ↩
  26. Peer-reviewed research Aguado LC, Schmid S, May J, Sabin LR, Panis M, Blanco-Melo D, Shim JV, Sachs D, Cherry S, Simon AE, Levraud JP, tenOever BR. RNase III nucleases from diverse kingdoms serve as antiviral effectors. Nature. 2017. 547(7661):114-117. DOI: 10.1038/nature22990 · PubMed · Open full text Accessed 2026-09-26. ↩1 ↩2
  27. Peer-reviewed research Langlois RA, Albrecht RA, Kimble B, Sutton T, Shapiro JS, Finch C, Angel M, Chua MA, Gonzalez-Reiche AS, Xu K, Perez D, García-Sastre A, tenOever BR. MicroRNA-based strategy to mitigate the risk of gain-of-function influenza studies. Nature biotechnology. 2013. 31(9):844-847. DOI: 10.1038/nbt.2666 · PubMed · Open full text Accessed 2026-09-26. ↩1 ↩2
  28. Independent reporting Lisa Schnirring Study: Technique adds ‘kill switch’ to modified flu viruses. CIDRAP. 2013-08-12. Accessed 2026-09-26. ↩
  29. Independent journalism Sharon Begley ‘It’s something I have never seen’: How the Covid-19 virus hijacks cells. STAT. 2020-05-21. Accessed 2026-09-26. ↩
  30. Peer-reviewed review Carvalho T, Krammer F, Iwasaki A. The first 12 months of COVID-19: a timeline of immunological insights. Nature reviews. Immunology. 2021. 21(4):245-256. DOI: 10.1038/s41577-021-00522-1 · PubMed · Open full text Accessed 2026-09-26. ↩
  31. Peer-reviewed research Zazhytska M, Kodra A, Hoagland DA, Frere J, Fullard JF, Shayya H, McArthur NG, Moeller R, Uhl S, Omer AD, Gottesman ME, Firestein S, Gong Q, Canoll PD, Goldman JE, Roussos P, tenOever BR, Jonathan B Overdevest, Lomvardas S. Non-cell-autonomous disruption of nuclear architecture as a potential cause of COVID-19-induced anosmia. Cell. 2022. 185(6):1052-1064.e12. DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.01.024 · PubMed · Open full text Accessed 2026-09-26. ↩
  32. Peer-reviewed research Frere JJ, Serafini RA, Pryce KD, Zazhytska M, Oishi K, Golynker I, Panis M, Zimering J, Horiuchi S, Hoagland DA, Møller R, Ruiz A, Kodra A, Overdevest JB, Canoll PD, Borczuk AC, Chandar V, Bram Y, Schwartz R, Lomvardas S, Zachariou V, tenOever BR. SARS-CoV-2 infection in hamsters and humans results in lasting and unique systemic perturbations after recovery. Science translational medicine. 2022. 14(664):eabq3059. DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abq3059 · PubMed · Open full text Accessed 2026-09-26. ↩
  33. Authoritative record Benjamin R. tenOever, Ph.D.. The Pew Charitable Trusts. . Accessed 2026-09-26. ↩
  34. Authoritative record Three NIST Researchers Win 2008 PECASE Honors. NIST. 2009-07. Accessed 2026-09-26. ↩
  35. Authoritative record Milstein Young Investigator Award Winners 2009–2019. International Cytokine and Interferon Society. . Accessed 2026-09-26. ↩
  36. Authoritative record PNAS announces 6 2010 Cozzarelli Prize recipients. PNAS, via EurekAlert. 2011-02-22. Accessed 2026-09-26. ↩
  37. Authoritative record Investigators in the Pathogenesis of Infectious Disease. Burroughs Wellcome Fund. . Accessed 2026-09-26. ↩
  38. Authoritative record Outstanding New Investigator Award. American Society of Gene and Cell Therapy. . Accessed 2026-09-26. ↩
  39. Authoritative record Announcing the winners of the 2012 Vilcek Prizes…. Vilcek Foundation. 2012. Accessed 2026-09-26. ↩
  40. Authoritative record Ann Palmenberg Junior Investigator Award. American Society for Virology. . Accessed 2026-09-26. ↩
  41. Authoritative record Finalists of the Prestigious Blavatnik National Awards for Young Scientists Announced. Blavatnik Awards for Young Scientists. 2019-05-29. Accessed 2026-09-26. ↩

External links and research identities